Crystallized product is often separated from the mother liquor by methods of filtration or centrifugation, followed by drying. A wide crystal size distribution with a significant numbers of “fines” often results in poor filterability which can add hours or even days to process cycle time. Poor filterability also relates directly to mother liquor retention which impacts crystal product purity – requiring additional washes with hot solvent which can further increase cycle time and reduce yields.
FBRM process analytical tools are widely used for real-time monitoring and optimization of crystallization for the purpose of avoiding downstream bottlenecks due to poor filterability of the crystal product.

Zaaien is een van de meest kritische stappen bij het optimaliseren van kristallisatiegedrag. Bij het ontwerpen van een zaaistrategie moet rekening worden gehouden met parameters zoals zaadgrootte, zaadbelasting (massa) en zaadtoevoegingstemperatuur. Deze parameters worden over het algemeen geoptimaliseerd op basis van proceskinetiek en de gewenste uiteindelijke deeltjeseigenschappen, en moeten consistent blijven tijdens opschaling en technologieoverdracht.
Het veranderen van de schaal of mengomstandigheden in een kristallisator kan een directe invloed hebben op de kinetiek van het kristallisatieproces en de uiteindelijke kristalgrootte. Warmte- en massaoverdrachtseffecten zijn belangrijk om rekening mee te houden voor respectievelijk koel- en antioplosmiddelsystemen, waar temperatuur- of concentratiegradiënten inhomogeniteit kunnen veroorzaken in het heersende niveau van oververzadiging.
De MSMPR-kristallisator (Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal) is een type kristallizer dat in industriële processen wordt gebruikt om zeer zuivere kristallen te produceren.
Crystal polymorphism describes the ability of one chemical compound to crystallize in multiple unit cell configurations, which often show different physical properties.
Recrystallization is a technique used to purify solid compounds by dissolving them in a hot solvent and allowing the solution to cool. During this process, the compound forms pure crystals as the solvent cools, while impurities are excluded. The crystals are then collected, washed, and dried, resulting in a purified solid product. Recrystallization is an essential method for achieving high levels of purity in solid compounds.
Solubility curves are commonly used to illustrate the relationship between solubility, temperature, and solvent type. By plotting temperature vs. solubility, scientists can create the framework needed to develop the desired crystallization process. Once an appropriate solvent is chosen, the solubility curve becomes a critical tool for the development of an effective crystallization process.
Supersaturatie treedt op wanneer een oplossing meer opgeloste stof bevat dan thermodynamisch mogelijk zou moeten zijn, gezien de omstandigheden van het systeem. Supersaturatie wordt beschouwd als een belangrijke drijfveer voor kristallisatie.
In-process probe-based technologies are applied to track particle size and shape changes at full concentration with no dilution or extraction necessary. By tracking the rate and degree of change to particles and crystals in real time, the correct process parameters for crystallization performance can be optimized.
Liquid-Liquid phase separation, or oiling out, is an often difficult to detect particle mechanism that can occur during crystallization processes.
In an antisolvent crystallization, the solvent addition rate, addition location and mixing impact local supersaturation in a vessel or pipeline. Scientists and engineers modify crystal size and count by adjusting antisolvent addition protocols and the level of supersaturation.
Crystallization kinetics are characterized in terms of two dominant processes, nucleation kinetics and growth kinetics, occurring during crystallization from solution. Nucleation kinetics describe the rate of formation of a stable nuclei. Growth kinetics define the rate at which a stable nuclei grows to a macroscopic crystal. Advanced techniques offer temperature control to modify supersaturation and crystal size and shape.
Eiwitkristallisatie is de handeling en methode om gestructureerde, geordende roosters te creëren voor vaak complexe macromoleculen.
Lactose crystallization is an industrial practice to separate lactose from whey solutions via controlled crystallization.
A well-designed batch crystallization process is one that can be scaled successfully to production scale - giving the desired crystal size distribution, yield, form and purity. Batch crystallization optimization requires maintaining adequate control of the crystallizer temperature (or solvent composition).
Continuous crystallization is made possible by advances in process modeling and crystallizer design, which leverage the ability to control crystal size distribution in real time by directly monitoring the crystal population.
Zaaien is een van de meest kritische stappen bij het optimaliseren van kristallisatiegedrag. Bij het ontwerpen van een zaaistrategie moet rekening worden gehouden met parameters zoals zaadgrootte, zaadbelasting (massa) en zaadtoevoegingstemperatuur. Deze parameters worden over het algemeen geoptimaliseerd op basis van proceskinetiek en de gewenste uiteindelijke deeltjeseigenschappen, en moeten consistent blijven tijdens opschaling en technologieoverdracht.
Het veranderen van de schaal of mengomstandigheden in een kristallisator kan een directe invloed hebben op de kinetiek van het kristallisatieproces en de uiteindelijke kristalgrootte. Warmte- en massaoverdrachtseffecten zijn belangrijk om rekening mee te houden voor respectievelijk koel- en antioplosmiddelsystemen, waar temperatuur- of concentratiegradiënten inhomogeniteit kunnen veroorzaken in het heersende niveau van oververzadiging.
Recrystallization is a technique used to purify solid compounds by dissolving them in a hot solvent and allowing the solution to cool. During this process, the compound forms pure crystals as the solvent cools, while impurities are excluded. The crystals are then collected, washed, and dried, resulting in a purified solid product. Recrystallization is an essential method for achieving high levels of purity in solid compounds.
Solubility curves are commonly used to illustrate the relationship between solubility, temperature, and solvent type. By plotting temperature vs. solubility, scientists can create the framework needed to develop the desired crystallization process. Once an appropriate solvent is chosen, the solubility curve becomes a critical tool for the development of an effective crystallization process.
In-process probe-based technologies are applied to track particle size and shape changes at full concentration with no dilution or extraction necessary. By tracking the rate and degree of change to particles and crystals in real time, the correct process parameters for crystallization performance can be optimized.
Crystallization kinetics are characterized in terms of two dominant processes, nucleation kinetics and growth kinetics, occurring during crystallization from solution. Nucleation kinetics describe the rate of formation of a stable nuclei. Growth kinetics define the rate at which a stable nuclei grows to a macroscopic crystal. Advanced techniques offer temperature control to modify supersaturation and crystal size and shape.
A well-designed batch crystallization process is one that can be scaled successfully to production scale - giving the desired crystal size distribution, yield, form and purity. Batch crystallization optimization requires maintaining adequate control of the crystallizer temperature (or solvent composition).