Crystallized product is often separated from the mother liquor by methods of filtration or centrifugation, followed by drying. A wide crystal size distribution with a significant numbers of “fines” often results in poor filterability which can add hours or even days to process cycle time. Poor filterability also relates directly to mother liquor retention which impacts crystal product purity – requiring additional washes with hot solvent which can further increase cycle time and reduce yields.
FBRM process analytical tools are widely used for real-time monitoring and optimization of crystallization for the purpose of avoiding downstream bottlenecks due to poor filterability of the crystal product.

结晶动力学由两个主要过程来表征,即成核动力学和生长动力学,这两个过程发生在溶液结晶过程中。成核动力学描述稳定晶核形成的速率。生长动力学定义稳定晶核生长为宏观晶体的速率。先进技术提供温度控制,以调节过饱和度以及晶体的大小和形状。
在反溶剂结晶过程中,溶剂加入速率、加入位置和混合会影响容器或管道中的局部过饱和度。科学家和工程师通过调整反溶剂加入方案以及过饱和度水平来改变晶体大小和数量。
设计良好的批量结晶工艺能够成功放大到生产规模——获得所需的晶体粒径分布、收率、晶型和纯度。批量结晶的优化要求对结晶器温度(或溶剂组成)保持充分控制。
溶解度曲线通常用于说明溶解度、温度和溶剂类型之间的关系。通过绘制温度与溶解度的关系图,科学家可以建立开发所需结晶工艺所必需的框架。一旦选择了合适的溶剂,溶解度曲线就成为开发有效结晶工艺的关键工具。
更改结晶器规模或混合条件会直接影响结晶过程的动力学和较终晶体尺寸。 传热和传质效应分别是冷却系统和反溶剂系统的重要考量因素,其中温度梯度或浓度梯度会形成实际过度饱和的不均匀性。
晶种加入是优化结晶行为的较重要工序之一。 在设计晶种加入策略时,必须考虑重要参数,如:晶种粒径、晶种加入量(质量)与晶种添加温度。 通常根据过程动力学以及所需较终颗粒物性对这些参数进行优化,这些参数在扩大生产与技术转移时必须保持一致。
在线探头技术用于在全浓度条件下跟踪粒径和形状变化,无需稀释或萃取。通过实时跟踪颗粒和晶体变化的速率和程度,可以优化结晶性能的正确工艺参数。
Recrystallization is a technique used to purify solid compounds by dissolving them in a hot solvent and allowing the solution to cool. During this process, the compound forms pure crystals as the solvent cools, while impurities are excluded. The crystals are then collected, washed, and dried, resulting in a purified solid product. Recrystallization is an essential method for achieving high levels of purity in solid compounds.
Recrystallization is a technique used to purify solid compounds by dissolving them in a hot solvent and allowing the solution to cool. During this process, the compound forms pure crystals as the solvent cools, while impurities are excluded. The crystals are then collected, washed, and dried, resulting in a purified solid product. Recrystallization is an essential method for achieving high levels of purity in solid compounds.