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Chemical Synthesis

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Spectrometers for Chemical Synthesis

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Synthetic Organic Chemistry Applications

Control Residual Isocyanate
Process Analytical Technology for Continuous Measurement of NCO

Isocyanates are critical building blocks for high performance polyurethane-based polymers that make up coatings, foams, adhesives, elastomers, and insulation. Concerns over exposure to residual isocyanates led to new limits for residual isocyanates in new products. Traditional analytical methods for measuring the residual isocyanate (NCO) concentration using offline sampling and analysis raise concerns. In situ monitoring with process analytical technology addresses these challenges and enables manufacturers and formulators to ensure that product quality specifications, personnel safety, and environmental regulations are met.

Measuring Polymerization Reactions
Methods and Techniques to Develop Synthetic Polymer Chemistry

Polymerization reaction measurement is crucial to produce material that meets requirements, including Immediate understanding, accurate and reproducible, Improved safety.

Impurity Profiling of Chemical Reactions
Automated Process Development Strategies for Chemists

Impurity profiling aims at identification and subsequent quantification of specific components present at low levels, usually less than 1% and ideally lower than 0.1 %.

Grignard Reaction Mechanisms
Understand and Control Exothermic Events

Grignard reactions are one of the most important reaction classes in organic chemistry. Grignard reactions are useful for forming carbon-carbon bonds. Grignard reactions form alcohols from ketones and aldehydes, as well as react with other chemicals to form a myriad of useful compounds. Grignard reactions are performed using a Grignard reagent, which is typically a alkyl-, aryl- or vinyl- organomagnesium halide compound. To ensure optimization and safety of Grignard reactions in research, development and production, in situ monitoring and understanding reaction heat flow is important.

Hydrogenation Reactions
Bezpečné monitorování reakcí při zvýšené teplotě a tlaku

Hydrogenační reakce se široce používají při výrobě velkoobjemových a jemných chemikálií pro redukci vícenásobných vazeb na jednoduché. Katalyzátory se obvykle používají na podporu těchto reakcí, přičemž reakční teplota, tlak, zatížení substrátu, zatížení katalyzátoru a intenzita míchání společně působí na absorpci plynného vodíku a celkový výkon reakce. Důkladné pochopení této intenzivní reakce je důležité a PAT technologie, jako je in situ FTIR, kalorimetrie a automatické in situ vzorkování na podporu analýzy HPLC zajišťují bezpečné, optimalizované a dobře charakterizované chemické procesy.

Highly Reactive Chemistries
Scale-Up and Optimize Highly Reactive Chemistries

Highly reactive chemistry is a terminology used to describe chemical reactions that are particularly challenging to handle and develop due to the potentially hazardous and/or energetic nature of the reactants, intermediates and products that are present during synthesis. These chemistries often involve highly exothermic reactions which require specialized equipment or extreme operating conditions (such as low temperature) to ensure adequate control. Ensuring safe operating conditions, minimizing human exposure, and gaining the maximum amount of information from each experiment are key factors in successfully designing and scaling-up highly reactive chemistries.

High Pressure Reactions
Understand and Characterize High Pressure Reactions Under Challenging Sampling Conditions

Many processes require reactions to be run under high pressure. Working under pressure is challenging and collecting samples for offline analysis is difficult and time consuming. A change in pressure could affect reaction rate, conversion and mechanism as well as other process parameters plus sensitivity to oxygen, water, and associated safety issues are common problems.

Halogenation Reactions
Key Syntheses in Pharmaceutical and Polymer Chemistry

Halogenation occurs when one of more fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms replace one or more hydrogen atoms in an organic compound. Depending on the specific halogen, the nature of the substrate molecule and overall reaction conditions, halogenation reactions can be very energetic and follow different pathways. For this reason, understanding these reactions from a kinetics and thermodynamic perspective is critical to ensuring yield, quality and safety of the process.

Catalytic Reactions
Accelerate Chemical Reactions With a Catalyst

Catalysts create an alternative path to increase the speed and outcome of a reaction, so a thorough understanding of the reaction kinetics is important. Not only does that provide information about the rate of the reaction, but also provides insight into the mechanism of the reaction. There are two types of catalytic reactions: heterogeneous and homogeneous. Heterogeneous is when the catalyst and reactant exist in two different phases. Homogeneous is when the catalyst and the reactant are in the same phase..

Syntéza reakcí
Poskytování automatizovaných nástrojů pro dodávání produktů, které mění život

Syntetické reakce je chemický proces, při kterém se jednoduché prvky nebo sloučeniny spojují a vytvářejí složitější produkt. Je reprezentován rovnicí: A + B → AB.

Návrh experimentů (DoE)
Statistický přístup k optimalizaci reakcí

Návrh experimentů (DoE) vyžaduje provedení experimentů za kontrolovaných a reprodukovatelných podmínek v optimalizaci chemické reakce. Reaktory pro chemickou syntézu jsou navrženy tak, aby pomáhaly s návrhem experimentů a poskytovaly vysoce kvalitní data.

Reaction Mechanism Pathway
Fundamental Understanding of Chemical Reactions and Factors Affecting Them

Reaction mechanisms describe the successive steps at the molecular level that take place in a chemical reaction. Reaction mechanisms cannot be proven, but rather postulated based on empirical experimentation and deduction. In situ FTIR spectroscopy provides information to support reaction mechanisms hypotheses.

Organometallic Synthesis
Understanding and Control of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic Synthesis, or Organometallic Chemistry, refers to the process of creating organometallic compounds, and is among the most researched areas in chemistry. Organometallic compounds are frequently used in fine chemical syntheses and to catalyze reactions. In situ Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are among the most powerful analytical methods for the study of organometallic compounds and syntheses.

Oligonucleotide Synthesis
Ensure Yield, Purity, and Cost Objectives

Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical process by which nucleotides are specifically linked to form a product of desired sequenced.

What is Alkylation?
For Key Reactions in Organic Chemistry

Alkylation is the process by when an alkyl group is added to a substrate molecule. Alkylation reactions are a widely used technique in organic chemistry.

Epoxides
Key Functional Groups for Synthesis of Polymers and Pharmaceuticals

This page outlines what epoxides are, how they are synthesized and technology to track reaction progression, including kinetics and key mechanisms.

Key C-C Bond-Forming Reactions in Molecular Synthesis

The Suzuki and related cross-coupling reactions use transition metal catalysts, such as palladium complexes, to form C-C bonds between alkyl and aryl halides with various organic compounds.

Lithiation Organolithium Reactions
Key Reagents for Synthesizing Complex Molecules

Lithiation and organolithium reactions are key in the development of complex pharmaceutical compounds; organolithium compounds also act as initiators in certain polymerization reactions.

Functionalization of Carbon Bonds

C-H bond activation is a series of mechanistic processes by which stable carbon-hydrogen bonds in organic compounds are cleaved.

Organocatalysis
For Metal-Free Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Molecules

Organocatalysis refers to the employment of particular organic molecules to speed up chemical reactions through catalytic activation.

hydroformylation reaction example
Understanding Key Mechanisms and Improve Catalytic Processes

Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis, is a chemical reaction involving the addition of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H₂) to an unsaturated compound, typically an alkene or alkyne. The reaction is catalyzed by transition metal complexes, such as rhodium or cobalt, leading to the formation of aldehydes or aldehyde derivatives.

click chemistry tools for click reactions
In-Situ Chemistry to Support Click Reactions

Click reactions refer to chemical reactions that meet the criteria of click chemistry. Click reactions are typically fast, high-yielding, and occur under mild conditions, making them ideal for a variety of applications.

Kontinuální míchané reaktory CSTR
Průtoková technika pro chemické a biologické syntézy

Kontinuální míchaný tankový reaktor (CSTR) je nádoba, ve které činidla a reaktanty proudí do reaktoru, zatímco reakční produkt opouští nádobu.

Control Residual Isocyanate

Isocyanates are critical building blocks for high performance polyurethane-based polymers that make up coatings, foams, adhesives, elastomers, and insulation. Concerns over exposure to residual isocyanates led to new limits for residual isocyanates in new products. Traditional analytical methods for measuring the residual isocyanate (NCO) concentration using offline sampling and analysis raise concerns. In situ monitoring with process analytical technology addresses these challenges and enables manufacturers and formulators to ensure that product quality specifications, personnel safety, and environmental regulations are met.

Measuring Polymerization Reactions

Polymerization reaction measurement is crucial to produce material that meets requirements, including Immediate understanding, accurate and reproducible, Improved safety.

Impurity Profiling of Chemical Reactions

Impurity profiling aims at identification and subsequent quantification of specific components present at low levels, usually less than 1% and ideally lower than 0.1 %.

Grignard Reaction Mechanisms

Grignard reactions are one of the most important reaction classes in organic chemistry. Grignard reactions are useful for forming carbon-carbon bonds. Grignard reactions form alcohols from ketones and aldehydes, as well as react with other chemicals to form a myriad of useful compounds. Grignard reactions are performed using a Grignard reagent, which is typically a alkyl-, aryl- or vinyl- organomagnesium halide compound. To ensure optimization and safety of Grignard reactions in research, development and production, in situ monitoring and understanding reaction heat flow is important.

Hydrogenation Reactions

Hydrogenační reakce se široce používají při výrobě velkoobjemových a jemných chemikálií pro redukci vícenásobných vazeb na jednoduché. Katalyzátory se obvykle používají na podporu těchto reakcí, přičemž reakční teplota, tlak, zatížení substrátu, zatížení katalyzátoru a intenzita míchání společně působí na absorpci plynného vodíku a celkový výkon reakce. Důkladné pochopení této intenzivní reakce je důležité a PAT technologie, jako je in situ FTIR, kalorimetrie a automatické in situ vzorkování na podporu analýzy HPLC zajišťují bezpečné, optimalizované a dobře charakterizované chemické procesy.

Highly Reactive Chemistries

Highly reactive chemistry is a terminology used to describe chemical reactions that are particularly challenging to handle and develop due to the potentially hazardous and/or energetic nature of the reactants, intermediates and products that are present during synthesis. These chemistries often involve highly exothermic reactions which require specialized equipment or extreme operating conditions (such as low temperature) to ensure adequate control. Ensuring safe operating conditions, minimizing human exposure, and gaining the maximum amount of information from each experiment are key factors in successfully designing and scaling-up highly reactive chemistries.

High Pressure Reactions

Many processes require reactions to be run under high pressure. Working under pressure is challenging and collecting samples for offline analysis is difficult and time consuming. A change in pressure could affect reaction rate, conversion and mechanism as well as other process parameters plus sensitivity to oxygen, water, and associated safety issues are common problems.

Halogenation Reactions

Halogenation occurs when one of more fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atoms replace one or more hydrogen atoms in an organic compound. Depending on the specific halogen, the nature of the substrate molecule and overall reaction conditions, halogenation reactions can be very energetic and follow different pathways. For this reason, understanding these reactions from a kinetics and thermodynamic perspective is critical to ensuring yield, quality and safety of the process.

Catalytic Reactions

Catalysts create an alternative path to increase the speed and outcome of a reaction, so a thorough understanding of the reaction kinetics is important. Not only does that provide information about the rate of the reaction, but also provides insight into the mechanism of the reaction. There are two types of catalytic reactions: heterogeneous and homogeneous. Heterogeneous is when the catalyst and reactant exist in two different phases. Homogeneous is when the catalyst and the reactant are in the same phase..

Syntéza reakcí

Syntetické reakce je chemický proces, při kterém se jednoduché prvky nebo sloučeniny spojují a vytvářejí složitější produkt. Je reprezentován rovnicí: A + B → AB.

Návrh experimentů (DoE)

Návrh experimentů (DoE) vyžaduje provedení experimentů za kontrolovaných a reprodukovatelných podmínek v optimalizaci chemické reakce. Reaktory pro chemickou syntézu jsou navrženy tak, aby pomáhaly s návrhem experimentů a poskytovaly vysoce kvalitní data.

Reaction Mechanism Pathway

Reaction mechanisms describe the successive steps at the molecular level that take place in a chemical reaction. Reaction mechanisms cannot be proven, but rather postulated based on empirical experimentation and deduction. In situ FTIR spectroscopy provides information to support reaction mechanisms hypotheses.

Organometallic Synthesis

Organometallic Synthesis, or Organometallic Chemistry, refers to the process of creating organometallic compounds, and is among the most researched areas in chemistry. Organometallic compounds are frequently used in fine chemical syntheses and to catalyze reactions. In situ Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are among the most powerful analytical methods for the study of organometallic compounds and syntheses.

Oligonucleotide Synthesis

Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical process by which nucleotides are specifically linked to form a product of desired sequenced.

What is Alkylation?

Alkylation is the process by when an alkyl group is added to a substrate molecule. Alkylation reactions are a widely used technique in organic chemistry.

Epoxides

This page outlines what epoxides are, how they are synthesized and technology to track reaction progression, including kinetics and key mechanisms.

The Suzuki and related cross-coupling reactions use transition metal catalysts, such as palladium complexes, to form C-C bonds between alkyl and aryl halides with various organic compounds.

Lithiation Organolithium Reactions

Lithiation and organolithium reactions are key in the development of complex pharmaceutical compounds; organolithium compounds also act as initiators in certain polymerization reactions.

C-H bond activation is a series of mechanistic processes by which stable carbon-hydrogen bonds in organic compounds are cleaved.

Organocatalysis

Organocatalysis refers to the employment of particular organic molecules to speed up chemical reactions through catalytic activation.

hydroformylation reaction example

Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis, is a chemical reaction involving the addition of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H₂) to an unsaturated compound, typically an alkene or alkyne. The reaction is catalyzed by transition metal complexes, such as rhodium or cobalt, leading to the formation of aldehydes or aldehyde derivatives.

click chemistry tools for click reactions

Click reactions refer to chemical reactions that meet the criteria of click chemistry. Click reactions are typically fast, high-yielding, and occur under mild conditions, making them ideal for a variety of applications.

Kontinuální míchané reaktory CSTR

Kontinuální míchaný tankový reaktor (CSTR) je nádoba, ve které činidla a reaktanty proudí do reaktoru, zatímco reakční produkt opouští nádobu.

Publikace ke stažení

Publications on Synthetic Organic Chemistry

White Papers

Nové techniky syntézy molekul
Pokroky v organické chemii umožňují výzkumným pracovníkům rozšiřovat výzkum a vývoj molekul a optimalizovat procesní podmínky. Nová bílá kniha předsta...
Moderní syntetická laboratoř
Tato bílá kniha je určena chemickým laboratořím a popisuje nové nástroje, které dovolují rozšířit možnosti experimentů, automatizovat rutinní úkony a ...
Metal Catalyzed Transformations Using In Situ Spectroscopy
Kvalita mnoha experimentů, zejména v oblasti analýzy reakcí, do značné míry závisí na schopnosti stanovit přesný okamžik zahájení a dokončení reakce....
In-situ sledování chemických reakcí
Jak zvládnout více práce s menším množstvím zdrojů: to je dlouhodobé téma pro každou chemickou vývojovou laboratoř, ve které musí výzkum rychle a s co...
Bílá kniha: Procesní FTIR pro bezpečnou redukci tetrahydridoboritanem sodným
John O'Reilly z irské pobočky Roche popisuje udržitelný systém procesní analytické technologie (PAT) s využitím procesní FTIR pro bezpečný provoz zaří...
o monitoringu reakcí v reálném čase: Tandemová hydroformylace/hydrogenace
In situ monitoring mid-FTIR procesu v reálném čase vede k lepšímu porozumění aktivity a odolnosti katalyzátoru. Vědci na tokijské univerzitě používají...
Grignard Reaction Scale-up
Exothermic chemical reactions pose inherent risks – especially during scale-up. Published studies from top chemical and pharmaceutical companies show...
Rychlá analýza experimentů pro optimalizaci průběžných reakcí
Bílá kniha „Rychlá analýza experimentů pro optimalizaci průběžných chemických reakcí“ se zabývá problematikou optimalizace chemických reakcí.
3 Reaction Monitoring Case Studies
In this whitepaper, three case studies carried out at GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) demonstrate how probe-based and real-time FTIR instrumentation helped to c...
Moderní syntetická laboratoř
Tato bílá kniha je určena chemickým laboratořím a popisuje nové nástroje, které dovolují rozšířit možnosti experimentů, automatizovat rutinní úkony a ...
Profilování chemických reakcí: přehled
Bílá kniha „In-situ profilování reakcí: přehled literatury“ obsahuje 20 příkladů z akademických institucí, které používají in-situ FTIR spektroskopii...
Reaction Insight from Every Experiment
This paper presents five examples taken from recent journal articles in which HPLC alone was not sufficient to provide the insight scientists needed....

Webinars

Hydrogenation Under High Pressure
This presentation discusses the implementation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) reaction monitoring technology to provide knowledge and understand...
Impact of Process Intensification on Process Safety
This presentation discusses how Nalas Engineering safely handles high energy materials and hazardous chemistry.
Reaction Kinetics Progress Analysis Ryan Baxter
This webinar explores a graphical analysis approach to rationalize unusual kinetics in C-H activations. The Reaction Progress Kinetic Analysis (RPKA)...
Hydrogenation Under High Pressure
This presentation discusses the implementation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) reaction monitoring technology to provide knowledge and understand...
DoE to Peptide Synthesis
Learn how Design of Experiments (DoE) is applied to chemical synthesis at Lonza Peptide.
New Radical Reactions Enabled by In Situ Reaction Monitoring
Presented by Professor Ryan Baxter of the University of California-Merced, this on-demand webinar discusses research that involved new radical reactio...
Process Development and Kinetic Understanding
Presented by Eric Moschetta, this on-demand webinar describes how AbbVie built a robust kinetic model to understand a late stage API process
Alkylation Reaction Development
Kevin Stone discusses how Merck Chemical Engineering Research & Development (CERD) leverages process fingerprinting tools in the development of an Alk...

Podobné produkty

Synthetic Organic Chemistry Tools